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top","robotsNoFollow":false,"robotsNoIndex":false,"canonicalUrl":"https://us.gsk.com/en-us/company/oncology/multiple-myeloma/"},"tealiumSettings":{"enabled":false,"data":""},"entryPopup":null,"protectedPage":false,"schema":null,"modules":[{"imageOnLeft":true,"image":{"src":"/media/m5xbwevb/science-image-multiple-myeloma-rgbtif.jpg?width=624&height=416&format=webp&quality=100&v=1dc4829ad328320","alt":"A scientific image of multiple myeloma","darkModeSrc":"/media/m5xbwevb/science-image-multiple-myeloma-rgbtif.jpg?width=624&height=416&format=webp&quality=90&v=1dc4829ad328320"},"imageCaption":"","text":"<h2>What is multiple myeloma?</h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Multiple myeloma is the second most common blood cancer in the U.S., with an estimated 36,110 new cases to be diagnosed this year.<sup>1,2</sup></li>\n<li>Multiple myeloma arises in a person’s bone marrow, when plasma cells mutate into problematic myeloma cells. These cells accumulate, crowding out healthy blood cells.<sup>3</sup></li>\n</ul>","greyBackground":false,"orangeLink":null,"header":"","type":"text-and-image","ariaHidden":false},{"type":"rich-text","text":"<h2>What are the signs and symptoms of multiple myeloma?<strong><br></strong></h2>\n<p>While some may not exhibit symptoms of multiple myeloma, once myeloma cells begin to crowd normal blood cells, symptoms often appear. Some signs and symptoms of multiple myeloma include:<sup>3,4</sup></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Breakdown of the bone resulting in high levels of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia), which causes dehydration, excessive thirst, nausea, constipation and confusion</li>\n<li>Poor kidney function</li>\n<li>Anemia that may result in weakness dizziness and shortness of breath</li>\n<li>Weakened bones making patients more susceptible to fractures</li>\n<li>Weakened immune system causing more infections such as pneumonia</li>\n<li>Fatigue</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Who can be impacted by multiple myeloma?</h2>\n<p>While everyone can be impacted by multiple myeloma, it is more common in:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>People who are at least 65 years old.<sup>5</sup> The risk of developing multiple myeloma increases with age.</li>\n<li>Men<sup>3</sup> are slightly more likely to develop multiple myeloma.</li>\n<li>African Americans<sup>8</sup> are at twice the risk of developing multiple myeloma compared to white Americans.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>How is multiple myeloma diagnosed?<strong><br></strong></h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Multiple myeloma is often diagnosed through several exams and tests. Most commonly, doctors may run a variety of specialized blood and/or urine tests, bone marrow examinations, x-rays or other imaging tests and genetic tests.<sup>3</sup></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>How is multiple myeloma treated?</h2>\n<p>There are various types of therapies a person’s doctor may choose to treat multiple myeloma or alleviate symptoms.<sup>6,7</sup> Some of which include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Chemotherapy</span></li>\n<li><span>Corticosteroids</span></li>\n<li><span>Immunomodulators</span></li>\n<li><span>Proteasome inhibitors</span></li>\n<li><span>Monoclonal antibodies</span></li>\n<li><span>Nuclear export inhibitors<sup>6</sup></span></li>\n<li><span>Stem cell transplants<sup>8</sup></span><span></span></li>\n<li><span>Radiation<sup>9</sup></span></li>\n<li><span>Surgery<sup>10</sup></span><span></span></li>\n<li><span>CAR T-cell therapies<sup>11</sup></span></li>\n<li><span>Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)</span></li>\n<li><span>Blood transfusions</span><span></span></li>\n<li><span>Plasmapheresis<sup>7</sup></span><span></span></li>\n</ul>\n<p> </p>","useGreyBackground":false,"fullWidth":false},{"type":"spacer","label":""},{"type":"references","title":"References","references":[{"anchorName":"1","text":"<p>Kazandjian D. Multiple myeloma epidemiology and survival: A unique malignancy. Semin Oncol. 2016;43(6):676–681. doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2016.11.004.</p>"},{"anchorName":"2","text":"<p>American Cancer Society Cancer Statistics Center. Myeloma. <a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https://cancerstatisticscenter.cancer.org/#!/cancer-site/Myeloma\" target=\"_blank\" data-anchor=\"#!/cancer-site/Myeloma\" title=\"Opens in a new window\">https://cancerstatisticscenter.cancer.org/#!/cancer-site/Myeloma</a>. Accessed August 2025.</p>"},{"anchorName":"3","text":"<p>Gertz MA. Multiple Myeloma. NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders).&nbsp;<a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/multiple-myeloma/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Opens in a new window\">https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/multiple-myeloma/</a>. Published 2016. Accessed August 2025.</p>"},{"anchorName":"4","text":"<p>Multiple myeloma. Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center.&nbsp;<a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7108/multiple-myeloma\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Opens in a new window\">https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7108/multiple-myeloma</a>. Published 2016. Accessed August 2025.</p>"},{"anchorName":"5","text":"<p>American Cancer Society. Risk Factors for Multiple Myeloma.&nbsp;<a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https://www.cancer.org/cancer/multiple-myeloma/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html#references\" target=\"_blank\" data-anchor=\"#references\" title=\"Opens in a new window\">https://www.cancer.org/cancer/multiple-myeloma/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html#references</a> Accessed August 2025.</p>"},{"anchorName":"6","text":"<p><span>American Cancer Society. </span><span>Drug Therapy for Multiple Myeloma. </span><span><a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/multiple-myeloma/treating/chemotherapy.html\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Opens in a new window\">https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/multiple-myeloma/treating/chemotherapy.html</a>. </span><span>Updated February 2024. Accessed August 2025.</span></p>"},{"anchorName":"7","text":"<p><span>American Cancer Society. Supportive Treatments for Patients with Multiple Myeloma. <a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/multiple-myeloma/treating/supportive.html\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Opens in a new window\">https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/multiple-myeloma/treating/supportive.html</a>. Updated February 2018. Accessed August 2025.</span></p>"},{"anchorName":"8","text":"<p><span>American Cancer Society.</span><span> Stem Cell Transplant for Multiple Myeloma. </span><span><a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/multiple-myeloma/treating/stem-cell-transplant.html\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Opens in a new window\">https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/multiple-myeloma/treating/stem-cell-transplant.html</a></span><span>. </span><span>Updated February 2018. Accessed August 2025.</span></p>"},{"anchorName":"9","text":"<p><span>American Cancer Society. Radiation Therapy for Multiple Myeloma. <a href=\"https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/multiple-myeloma/treating/radiation.html\">https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/multiple-myeloma/treating/radiation.html</a>. Updated </span><span>February 2025. Accessed August 2025.</span></p>"},{"anchorName":"10","text":"<p><span>American Cancer Society. Surgery for Multiple Myeloma. <a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/multiple-myeloma/treating/surgery.html\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Opens in a new window\">https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/multiple-myeloma/treating/surgery.html</a>. Updated February 2024. Accessed August 2025.</span></p>"},{"anchorName":"11","text":"<p><span>American Cancer Society. CAR T-cell Therapy for Multiple Myeloma. <a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/multiple-myeloma/treating/car-t-cell-therapy.html\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Opens in a new window\">https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/multiple-myeloma/treating/car-t-cell-therapy.html</a>. Updated February 2025. Accessed August 2025.</span></p>"}]},{"type":"spacer","label":""},{"type":"varied-signpost-grid","title":"You might also like","layoutPattern":4,"pages":[{"title":"Behind the Science US edition","content":"Explore innovations from inside and outside our labs. Go #BehindTheScience to see for yourself","image":{"src":"/media/eqtnibbu/stvg_2_2022_smtlab_10_hess.jpg?width=427&height=533&format=webp&quality=100&v=1dbe1221cc371f0","alt":"scientist in a lab using a cryogenic machine","darkModeSrc":"/media/eqtnibbu/stvg_2_2022_smtlab_10_hess.jpg?width=427&height=533&format=webp&quality=90&v=1dbe1221cc371f0"},"link":{"text":"Behind the Science US edition","href":"/en-us/behind-the-science-us-edition/","openInNewWindowText":null}},{"title":"Ovarian cancer","content":"Ovarian cancer originates in the ovaries of the fallopian tubes. In the US ~21,000 women are diagnosed for the first time annually","image":{"src":"/media/gdvhctix/scientist-testing-biological-samples.jpg?width=427&height=533&format=webp&quality=100&v=1dcc1f03f5ccb30","alt":"Scientist Testing Biological Samples","darkModeSrc":"/media/gdvhctix/scientist-testing-biological-samples.jpg?width=427&height=533&format=webp&quality=90&v=1dcc1f03f5ccb30"},"link":{"text":"Ovarian cancer","href":"/en-us/company/oncology/ovarian-cancer/","openInNewWindowText":null}},{"title":"Endometrial cancer","content":"Endometrial cancer is the most common cancer of female reproductive organs. In the US, ~62,000 cases are expected in 2025.","image":{"src":"/media/hmljdzsk/endometrial-cancer-science-image-rgb.jpg?rxy=0.34058521867531755,0.7567255121051059&width=427&height=533&format=webp&quality=100&v=1dc1d9e5f90b6b0","alt":"Endometrial Cancer Science Image","darkModeSrc":"/media/hmljdzsk/endometrial-cancer-science-image-rgb.jpg?rxy=0.34058521867531755,0.7567255121051059&width=427&height=533&format=webp&quality=90&v=1dc1d9e5f90b6b0"},"link":{"text":"Endometrial cancer","href":"/en-us/company/oncology/endometrial-cancer/","openInNewWindowText":null}}],"hidePageDescription":false,"useGreyBackground":false}]}